KD3203 2020-12-24 21:01
V1. Aldehydes have RCHO
And ketones have RCOR
With C=O double, they are carbonyl
They all have distinctive smells
Larger ones have more plesant ones
They are soluble, form H-bonds with water
They have polar group, dipole-dipole, and have London forces too
When mass greater, harder to boil, cause more London forces
Harder to dissolve in longer chains, hydrocarbon significant
Just aldehydes can oxidise
Chorus: Add Fehling's it turns from blue to red, 2-plus to 1-plus
And silver mirror forms with Tollen's reagent
Ethanal and methyl ketones form CHI3
2,4 Dimethyl hydrazine, named Brady's reagent (tur-ur-ur-urns orange x3)
From a green colour
V2. Add KCN and HCN, nitriles are the product formed
They are nucleophilic addition reactions
As groups to C=O are planar, CN attacks either side
Despite a chiral centre here, a racemic mixture is formed
Both can reduce to alcohols with LiAlH4
The solvent is some dry ether